basic chemistry
Atoms are the smallest subject of matter or life. They are 4 thousand millionths of an inch across. An atom weighs about 4 trillionths of a trillionth of an ounce.
If you split an atom it makes a bomb. That bomb is the atomic bomb. It was invented in 1919 in New Zealand by British physicist Emest Rutherford. The word atomic comes from the word atom.
Click here for a diagram of an atom: http://www.chem4kids.com/atoms/structure.html
Matter
In science, matter is almost everything in the world. Matter is very important. Matter makes up everything including living people. It also makes non-living things such as balls. Matter is solids, liquids and gases. Things as big as an elephant or as tiny as a grain of sand on a beach are matter. Some matter can move around, like you and me , but other things can't, like mountains, trees or bridges.
Solids have their own shape. Look around you. What solids do you see? A table, a chair, and books are all solids. You can't change the shape of solids very easily. It always takes some work.
Liquids are the second form of matter. Every liquid has a little portion of water in it. All liquids move on their own and take the shape of what they are being poured into, unlike solids. Some liquids are so strong ,such as water, the most common liquid, that they can push out rocks to form caves. Oil is a liquid that moves more slowly than most other liquids.
Gases are forms of matter without shape and volume. Gases are the third from of matter. Oxygen and nitrogen are gases you can smell. Chlorine is used to clean out germs in water. It can be very harmful in large amounts. Helium is a gas that makes balloons float. Gases can be very useful, but must be used carefully.
Acids
Acids are substances that release hydrogen when they are dissolved in water. Acid is also a common word in everyday use, but it has a precise definition in chemistry. Acids are also the opposite of bases. Acids are usually mentioned with bases, because they are sort of similar. Acids have a sour taste and can sting the skin. People use acid too, they make ink and cleaning substances to shine cars. A type of acid is citric acid. It is found in some fruits, like lemons. That is why they taste sour.
Let's play opposites. Think of the opposite word of each of the following :
Day
Long
Hot
Acids
Of course, your answers are night, short, cold, and bases. Bases are the opposite of acids; they taste bitter and they feel very slippery and soapy. Bases are great cleaners and they brush decay away. Some bases are found in cleaning products such as car washing soap. Some bases are strong and dangerous. Bases can eat through grease, hair, and other gunk. Also bases are the reason toothpaste is so bubbly in your mouth.
Matter is any living or non-living thing that takes up space. Matter is made up of one or a combination of atoms. Scientists know about 100 different kinds of atoms. An element is matter that is made up of only one type of atom. Copper, iron, silver, and gold are examples of solids that are elements. Helium is a gas that is also an element because it's only made up of one kind of matter (helium atoms). Elements are known as the building blocks of matter.
Click here to see a periodic table with a "comic twist." http://www.uky.edu/Projects/Chemcomics/
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